编者按:根治性切除或消融术后早期肝细胞癌复发率高,尚无有效的辅助治疗。最近研究的重点已转移到评估辅助免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)在早期肝细胞癌切除或消融后的作用。来自香港中文大学的Stephen L. Chan教授和Landon L. Chan教授等人在本文中详细阐述了当前早期肝癌辅助治疗的新策略。
辅助治疗被认为是许多种癌症在以治愈为目的的治疗后的标准治疗。肝细胞癌(HCC)仍然是少数没有标准辅助治疗的癌症类型之一。约50%接受手术的肝细胞癌患者在2年内出现疾病复发[1,2]。在过去的20年中,已经研究了不同的辅助策略,包括经动脉治疗、放疗和索拉非尼,但这些治疗方法都没有显示出生存结局的持续改善(表)[3-8]。最近的重点已转移到评估辅助免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)在早期肝细胞癌切除或消融后的作用。
表1 既往肝癌辅助治疗相关研究
Stephen L. Chan教授
阿替利珠单抗联合贝伐珠单抗
辅助治疗可改善早期肝细胞癌的RFS
Landon L. Chan教授
IMbrave-050的结果
会改变当前临床实践吗?
参考文献
1. Chan AWH, Zhong J, Berhane S, et al. Development of pre and post-operative models to predict early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection. J Hepatol. 2018;69(6):1284-1293.
2. Imamura H, Matsuyama Y, Tanaka E, et al. Risk factors contributing to early and late phase intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. J Hepatol. 2003;38(2):200-207.
3. Lau WY, Leung TW, Ho SK, et al. Adjuvant intra-arterial iodine-131-labelled lipiodol for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;353(9155):797-801.
4. Dumortier J, Decullier E, Hilleret MN, et al. Adjuvant intraarterial lipiodol or (1)(3)(1)I-lipiodol after curative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective randomized trial. J Nucl Med. 2014;55(6):877-883.
5. Wang L, Qiu L, Ke Q, Ji H, Wu J. Systematic review of adjuvant external beam radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma following radical hepatectomy. Radiother Oncol. 2022;175:101-111.
6. Esagian SM, Kakos CD, Giorgakis E, Burdine L, Barreto JC, Mavros MN. Adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization following curative-intent hepatectomy versus hepatectomy alone for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(12):2984.
7. Li SH, Mei J, Cheng Y, et al. Postoperative adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with FOLFOX in hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion: a multicenter, phase III, randomized study. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41(10):1898-1908.
8. Bruix J, Takayama T, Mazzaferro V, et al; STORM investigators. Adjuvant sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma after resection or ablation (STORM): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(13):1344-1354.
9. Chow P, Chen M, Cheng AL, et al. Abstract CT003: IMbrave050: phase III study of adjuvant atezolizumab + bevacizumab versus active surveillance in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma at high risk of disease recurrence following resection or ablation. Presented at: 2023 AACR Annual Meeting; April 14-19, 2023; Orlando, Florida.
10. Ivanics T, Murillo Perez CF, Claasen MPAW, et al. Dynamic risk profiling of HCC recurrence after curative intent liver resection. Hepatology. 2022;76(5):1291-1301.
11. Choueiri TK, Tomczak P, Park SH, et al; KEYNOTE-564 Investigators. Adjuvant pembrolizumab after nephrectomy in renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(8):683-694.
12. Powles T, Tomczak P, Park SH, et al; KEYNOTE-564 Investigators. Pembrolizumab versus placebo as post-nephrectomy adjuvant therapy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-564): 30-month follow-up analysis of a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23(9):1133-1144.
