编者按:近年来,随着多款靶向、免疫药物及其联合方案的不断涌现并取得突破性进展,食管癌和胃癌的系统治疗迎来了巨大变革,从靶向或免疫单药进入免靶或双免联合的免疫联合时代。在2025年1月23日召开的的美国临床肿瘤学会胃肠道肿瘤研讨会(ASCO GI 2025)上,呋喹替尼联合SOX方案和托瑞帕利单抗在晚期转移性胃癌/食管胃结合部腺癌(GC/GEJC)患者中Ib/II期研究的结果的公布引发了多方关注(摘要号:423)。《肿瘤瞭望消化时讯》特将该项研究进行了整理,并荣幸地邀请了郑州大学第一附属医院孟祥瑞教授针对上述研究进行了深度剖析与点评。现将内容整理如下,以飨读者。

孟祥瑞 教授
郑州大学第一附属医院
郑州大学第一附属医院肿瘤科,博士、副主任医师
河南省抗癌协会肿瘤药物临床研究专业委员会青委会 副主委
河南省抗癌协会食管癌专业委员会 常委
河南省肉瘤专专业委员会 常委
北京癌症防治协会食管癌委员
河南省肿瘤药物临床研究专业委员会委员
河南省老年肿瘤学会委员
河南省化疗专业委员会委员
河南省神经内分泌肿瘤专业委员会委员


研究简介
背景
对于PD-L1阴性或低表达的晚期GC/GEJC患者,一线治疗的疗效仍有待提高。这项Ib/II期开放标签研究(NCT05024812)评估了呋喹替尼(一种高选择性VEGFR-1、-2、-3抑制剂)联合特瑞普利单抗(抗PD-1单克隆抗体)和SOX作为GC/GEJC一线治疗的疗效,初步结果显示出抗肿瘤活性。本次大会报道更长随访时间的更新结果,特别关注PD-L1 CPS评分和疗效的相关性。
方法
Ib期研究采用3+3剂量递增设计,患者接受呋喹替尼每天一次口服治疗 [3mg/天(DL1)、4mg/天(DL2)或5mg/天(DL3),连续服药两周之后停药一周,每三周为一个治疗周期]以及特瑞普利单抗(240mg,每三周的第一天静脉输注)和奥沙利铂(130mg/m2,每三周的第一天静脉滴注)和S-1(40-60mg,基于体表面积给药,每日两次口服,连续服药两周之后停药一周)治疗。之前已报道Ib期确定的呋喹替尼2期推荐剂量(RP2D)为5mg/天。II期阶段入组的64名患者将接受相同的治疗方案。II期研究的主要终点是PFS。次要终点包括ORR、DCR、OS、DOR和安全性。
结果
截至2024年8月15日,入组的32例患者 (Ib期9例; II期23例) 基线如下:中位年龄 62岁 (38–73); 66%为男性; 88% ECOG PS 1,以及31%为肝转移。31例患者有 PD-L1 CPS评分:40.6% 为CPS<1,68.8%为CPS<5的患者。30例疗效可评估患者的ORR为63.5% (95% CI 43.9–80.1) ,其中4例患者达到完全缓解,DCR为96.7% (95% CI 82.8–99.9)。中位随访10.94 个月时,中位PFS达到 了 9.33个月 (95% CI: 5.68–NA),OS仍未达到。对比CPS ≥5患者, CPS <5的患者有更高的缓解率 (65.0 vs 55.6%)和更长的PFS (12.68 个月vs 8.11 个月),再CPS <1 和CPS ≥1 患者中也观察到类似的结果 (ORR: 75.0 vs 52.9%; PFS: 12.68个月vs 8.11 个月). 治疗相关不良事件(TRAEs) 主要为1-2级,最常见的是低白蛋白血症(50%)、中性粒细胞计数下降(34%)、贫血(41%)、血小板计数下降(34%)和白细胞减少(34%)。2名患者出现4级TRAE(肝功能损伤、高甘油三酯血症)。试验中没有与治疗相关的死亡。
结论
呋喹替尼联合SOX和特瑞普利单抗作为晚期转移性GC/GEJC患者的一线治疗,特别是PD-L1阴性或低表达的患者,具有良好的疗效和可控的毒性。将进一步分析和报告更多数据,包括潜在的预测反应生物标志物等。
专家点评
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423
Updated results from the phase Ib/II study of fruquintinib combined with SOX and toripalimab in patients with advanced metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GC/GEJC).
Background:
The efficacy of first-line treatment in advanced GC/GEJC patients (pts) with negative or low PD-L1 expression still needs to be improved. This phase Ib/II, open-label study (NCT05024812) evaluating fruquintinib (a highly selective VEGFR-1, -2, -3 inhibitor) plus toripalimab (anti-PD-1), and SOX has shown preliminary antitumor activity as first-line therapy in GC/GEJC. Here we update the results with longer follow-up duration and a specific focus on PD-L1 CPS features.
Methods:
The study of phase Ib employed a 3+3 dose escalation design, pts were treated with fruquintinib 3mg/d (dose level; DL1), 4mg/d (DL2), or 5mg/d (DL3) po, d1-14, in combination with fixed dose of toripalimab (240mg, iv, d1), oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2, iv, d1) and S-1 (40-60mg based on BSA, po, d1-14) every 3 weeks. It had been reported in phase Ib that fruquintinib 5mg/d was defined as the RP2D. In phase II, a further 64 pts would be treated with the same regimen. Primary endpoint of phase II was PFS per RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints included ORR, DCR, OS, DOR and safety.
Results:
As of August 15, 2024, 32 pts (9 in phase Ib; 23 in phase II) had been enrolled. Pts characteristics included: median age 62 (range 38–73); 66% male; 88% with ECOG PS 1, and 31% with liver metastasis. 31 pts had PD-L1 CPS available. 40.6% were CPS < 1 and 68.8% were CPS < 5. Of the 30 pts evaluable for tumor response, the ORR was 63.5% (95% CI 43.9–80.1) with 4 pts achieving complete responses and DCR was 96.7% (95% CI 82.8–99.9). After a median follow-up of 10.94 months, the median PFS was 9.33 (95% CI: 5.68–NA) months and OS result was not reached. Pts with CPS < 5 were more likely to achieve higher response rate (65.0 vs 55.6%) and longer PFS than CPS ≥5 (12.68 vs 8.11 months). Similar trends were observed in pts with CPS < 1 and CPS ≥1 (ORR: 75.0 vs 52.9%; PFS: 12.68 vs 8.11 months). Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were mainly grade 1-2 and the most common ones were hypoalbuminemia (50%), neutrophil count decreased (34%), anemia (41%), platelet count decreased (34%) and white blood cell decreased (34%). Grade 4 TRAEs occurred in 2 pts (impaired liver function, hypertriglyceridemia). There were no treatment related deaths in the trial.
Conclusions:
Fruquintinib combined with SOX and toripalimab provided favorable efficacy and manageable toxicity profile as first-line therapy for pts with advanced metastatic GC/GEJC, especially in pts with negative or low PD-L1 expression. More data including the potential predictive response biomarkers would be further analyzed and reported.
