发表时间:2026-03-07 10:54:16
肝细胞癌(HCC)根治性治疗后复发风险较高,如何通过辅助治疗延缓复发、改善长期预后,一直是临床关注的重点。在近期举行的2026年美国临床肿瘤学会胃肠道肿瘤研讨会(2026 ASCO GI)上,KEYNOTE-937研究(摘要号477)以口头报告形式重磅发布。该研究聚焦手术切除或局部消融后达到影像学完全缓解的HCC患者,评估帕博利珠单抗辅助治疗在这一人群中的疗效与安全性,为HCC术后治疗策略的优化提供了关键循证依据。《肿瘤瞭望消化时讯》的记者有幸针对该研究对香港癌症研究所的Stephen Lam Chan教授进行了独家专访,就KEYNOTE-937的研究背景、关键结果及其对临床实践的影响进行了深入解读。以下为访谈主要内容。
请您介绍一下在KEYNOTE-937研究中,对于已通过手术或消融实现“影像学完全缓解”的HCC患者,再进行免疫辅助治疗,其核心的临床价值与必要性是什么?
Stephen Lam Chan教授
众所周知,HCC是一种高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤。对于早期HCC患者,尽管接受了以根治为目的的手术或消融等治疗,仍有相当一部分患者会出现肝内或肝外复发。从历史数据来看,这类患者复发后的预后情况并不理想。在过去5~10年间,医学界为开发针对该人群的辅助治疗方案付出了巨大努力,旨在降低复发率并最终提高生存率。近年来,免疫检查点抑制剂在晚期HCC中的应用数据不断涌现。因此,我认为探索在辅助治疗阶段应用PD-1或PD-L1抗体以评估其能否使该患者群体获益,具有充分的科学依据。
Dr Stephen Lam Chan: As we know, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive cancer. For patients with early-stage HCC, despite undergoing curative-intent treatments such as surgery or ablation, a significant proportion still experience recurrence, either in the liver or at extrahepatic sites. Historically, the prognosis for these patients after recurrence has not been optimal. Over the past five to ten years, considerable efforts have been made to develop adjuvant therapies for this population, aiming to reduce recurrence and ultimately improve survival. More recently, data have emerged on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced HCC. Therefore, I believe there is a strong rationale to explore the use of adjuvant PD-1 or PD-L1 antibodies in the adjuvant setting to evaluate whether they can benefit this patient group.
肿瘤瞭望消化时讯
KEYNOTE-937研究最重要的临床结果是什么?对临床实践有何指导意义?
Stephen Lam Chan教授
在KEYNOTE-937研究中,接受HCC手术或消融治疗的患者以1:1的比例随机分配,接受为期一年的帕博利珠单抗辅助治疗或安慰剂治疗。该研究的共同主要终点是无复发生存期(RFS)和总生存期(OS)。本次会议公布的关键结果显示,对于主要终点RFS,治疗组与安慰剂组之间未见统计学差异,风险比为1.0。鉴于RFS结果为阴性,根据研究方案未对OS进行正式比较。在安全性方面,帕博利珠单抗在该辅助治疗人群中未观察到新的安全信号。综上所述,本研究结果为阴性,且根据研究方案未计划进行进一步随访。
Dr Stephen Lam Chan: In KEYNOTE-937, patients who underwent surgery or ablation for HCC were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either adjuvant pembrolizumab or placebo for one year. The co-primary endpoints were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). The key result presented at this meeting is that for the primary endpoint of RFS, there was no difference between the treatment arm and the placebo arm, with a hazard ratio of 1.0. Given this negative result for RFS, a formal comparison of OS was not performed per the study protocol. Regarding safety, no new safety signals were observed with pembrolizumab in this adjuvant population. In conclusion, this is a negative study, and no further follow-up is planned as per the protocol.
肿瘤瞭望消化时讯
未来是否能根据该研究数据,筛选出最需要辅助免疫治疗的优势人群?该研究结果会对现有的治疗指南和临床实践产生什么影响?
Stephen Lam Chan教授
在KEYNOTE-937研究中,高危特征的界定主要依据切除标本的病理学信息。值得注意的是,该研究的生存数据显示,48个月OS率接近80%,这表明研究人群的预后优于最初的预期。因此,我认为未来需要进一步优化和精确定义高危人群的筛选标准。除病理学信息外,或许还需要借助循环标志物或遗传因素等其他生物标志物,以更精准地识别高复发风险的患者,这一领域无疑需要更深入的研究探索。本研究的另一启示在于,辅助治疗策略可能并非HCC的最佳治疗方案,当前或许应当将研究重心转向新辅助或围手术期联合治疗方案的探索与验证。
Dr Stephen Lam Chan: In the KEYNOTE-937 study, high-risk features were defined using pathological information from the resected specimen. Interestingly, when we look at the overall survival data, the 48-month survival rate was nearly 80%, which indicates that the prognosis of this study population is better than initially anticipated. Therefore, I believe future efforts are needed to better refine or define the high-risk population. Perhaps in addition to pathological information, we may need other biomarkers—such as circulating markers or genetic factors—to more accurately identify patients at high risk of recurrence. Further work is certainly required. Another insight from this study is that perhaps the adjuvant therapy approach may not be the optimal strategy for HCC. It might be time to shift focus and test combination therapies in the neoadjuvant or perioperative setting instead.
Adjuvant pembrolizumab for participants with hepatocellular carcinoma and complete radiologic response after surgical resection or local ablation: The phase 3 keynote-937 study.帕博利珠单抗用于手术切除或局部消融后影像学完全缓解肝细胞癌患者的辅助治疗:3期KEYNOTE-937研究
研究背景
研究方法
研究结果
研究结论
参考文献:
[1] Stephen Lam Chan. 2026 ASCO GI. Abstract 477.